The latest news and articles from marine research on the largest habitat on earth and its far-reaching significance for humanity.
No matter where people look in the world’s oceans: Plastic is already there. Plastic waste in the marine environment is a global problem of immense scale that urgently needs to be solved. At UN level, there is movement towards a global plastics agreement.
The third UN Ocean Conference (UNOC) took place in Nice in June 2025. The aim: to drive forward measures for the protection and sustainable use of the oceans and implement the global Sustainable Development Goal for the oceans (SDG 14).
Marine protected areas are an important instrument for strengthening biodiversity, ecological functions and services - provided that protective measures are implemented effectively.
Every six years, experts assess the environmental state of Germany’s marine areas. The comprehensive 2024 report reveals that the German North Sea and Baltic Sea are in poor condition.
Mineral resources such as nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc and rare earth metals are stored on the deep sea floor. However, the potential consequences of deep-sea mining for marine life are barely understood.
The ocean stores large quantities of carbon dioxide and heat and thus, slowing down man-made climate change.
Researchers from a wide range of disciplines work together to unravel the complexities of marine systems. They are focusing on the questions: How do the oceans fundamentally influence our climate? And how can we make use of the seas while protecting them
Munitions in the seas and oceans threaten the marine environment and risk their sustainable use and management. For several years, research has been conducted to evaluate the scale of the impacts and to develop solutions for their future remediation.
The expansion of offshore wind turbines is being driven forward in many countries. What impact does the large-scale expansion of wind power in the North Sea and Baltic Sea have on the marine environment?
The world’s seas oceans are losing oxygen – one of the most vital building blocks of life. The main causes: ocean waters are steadily warming, and excessive nutrient input in many coastal areas is driving widespread imbalance.
Touchscreen-based ocean map for schools, educational institutions and exhibitions - navigate simply and intuitively by touch and immerse yourself in the underwater world.
The centrepiece of the new construction project for the Polarstern's successor is now taking shape: by the end of August, TKMS, Wärtsilä, Steerprop and Aker Arctic had inked the contracts for the entire propulsion unit: rudder propellers, engines and exhaust gas aftertreatment system. Many of the components are genuine market innovations with which the Alfred Wegener Institute and TKMS are setting new standards in research navigation.
With a four-day meeting at Ghent University, the third phase of the European research project MiningImpact has officially begun. Researchers from nine countries are joining forces to study the ecological consequences of deep-sea mining – both in polymetallic nodule fields and at seafloor massive sulphide deposits along mid-ocean ridges.
Under the lead of the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), a sediment core from the Southeast Pacific was examined that reflects the last 8 million years of Earth's history. The study shows that the intensity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which connects the world’s three major oceans, is particularly sensitive to temperature changes, which in turn significantly influences the exchange of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere. The study was recently published in the journal Nature Communications.
Today, the two-day kick-off meeting for the international “Joint Action on Changing Marine Lightscapes” launched by JPI Oceans started in Hamburg with more than 50 participating researchers. The initiative aims at a better understanding of changing light conditions in the ocean and how this impacts marine ecosystems. Two projects are taking up work under the umbrella of a joint knowledge hub. The ISOLUME project coordinated by the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) focuses primarily on ocean darkening; the ALANIS project, led by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, mainly addresses nocturnal light pollution.
In September, Northern Germany becomes the meeting point for the international Earth System Modelling community. Three high-level scientific events, the CELLO Conference and the natESM Focus Workshop on Ocean Biogeochemistry in Hamburg, as well as the TropEcS Symposium in Bremen will bring together leading experts committed to shaping the future of climate, coastal, and ocean modelling.
The Polarstern recently ended a two-month expedition in the Central Arctic in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. The international and interdisciplinary research team, led by the Alfred Wegener Institute, focused on the summer melting of Arctic sea ice in three different regimes. The comprehensive inventory revealed major differences between the various sea ice regimes and a low sea ice concentration in the study area. In addition, bacteria and zooplankton dominated the biological communities, while the expected ice algae could hardly be found.
Over the coming weeks, international researchers led by the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel will conduct an experiment in closed marine tanks on the coast of Gran Canaria to investigate the effect of various methods of ocean alkalisation on the marine ecosystem. In so-called mesocosms, which are similar to oversized test tubes, natural ecosystems can be observed under controlled conditions. This study will be the first to systematically compare two approaches: adding already dissolved minerals and introducing finely ground rock into seawater.
Just exactly how internal clocks function in zooplankton in the open sea at the mechanistic and molecular level is the core question the BICLOPS junior research group is addressing. Over the next five years, the European Research Council (ERC) will be funding the group led by AWI biologist Sören Häfker to the tune of €1.5 million.
05.09.2025/Kiel. Climate change threatens marine and coastal ecosystems in the Mediterranean region. Warming, sea level rise, and ocean acidification are occuring there more intensely and rapidly than the global average. A recent study led by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel investigated how strongly marine and coastal ecosystems in the Mediterranean Sea are already at risk, even under comparatively moderate additional warming. For this purpose, 131 scientific studies were evaluated in a thorough meta-analysis. The results have now been published in the journal Scientific Reports.
In a new study published in the journal Science Advances, an international research team led by the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) challenges traditional ideas about how new animal species form. The study focuses on hamlets – colourful reef fishes from the Caribbean. In addition to ZMT, scientists from the University of Oldenburg, the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) in Panama were involved in the study. Researchers from Colombia, Mexico, the USA and the UK also contributed to the publication.
4 September 2025/Kiel. Why do oxygen-depleted zones repeatedly form in the western Baltic Sea, leading to mass fish deaths? What role does the toxic hydrogen sulfide released from the sediment play? These questions are being addressed by a research team led by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel during an expedition with the German research vessel ELISABETH MANN BORGESE. The cruise runs from the Flensburg Fjord along the Schleswig-Holstein coast to Fehmarn.
03.September.2025/Kiel/Reykjavik. Are basaltic rocks along continental margins suitable for the permanent and safe storage of carbon dioxide? This is the question a team of German and Norwegian researchers will be pursuing on board the research vessel MARIA S. MERIAN. Expedition MSM140 led by Dr Ingo Klaucke from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel will investigate geological structures on the Vøring Plateau off the Norwegian coast until 9 October. The aim is to determine whether basalt formations below the seabed are suitable for the long-term geological storage of CO2. The expedition is part of the multinational PERBAS project.
Clouds influence how much the Earth warms in response to a given increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. In addition to their extent and brightness, cloud altitude is one of the cloud properties believed to play an important role in this process. Researchers have shown: Although for certain cloud types, altitude might change as a result of global warming, this has little effect on climate sensitivity.
The German Maritime Museum (DSM) / Leibniz Institute for Maritime History in Bremerhaven will celebrate its 50th anniversary in 2025. Since its opening in 1975, the research museum has been a central location for research, collection, and communication of maritime worlds. The anniversary marks a turning point: together with the public, the museum wants to reinterpret the maritime past and shape its future.
How can cultural heritage be made fruitful as a resource for climate adaptation? Teresa Erbach from the Research Institute for Sustainability (RIFS) at GFZ addresses this question in her newly published study discussing cultural heritage and the functions it can fulfil in this context.
Since the mid-1990s, the Greenland ice sheet has been losing mass, leaving only three floating tongues remaining. One of these, Nioghalvfjerdsbræ or the 79°N Glacier, is already showing the first signs of instability. In a new study, researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute investigated how - caused by global warming - a 21 km2 large meltwater lake formed and developed on the surface of the 79°N Glacier. They observed that over the years, this lake has caused gigantic cracks and the outflowing water is lifting the glacier. Their findings have been published in the journal The Cryosphere.
13 August 2025, Kiel/Papeete. How do changes in sea level influence geological processes deep beneath the seafloor? Is there a feedback loop between the global climate and the formation and composition of new oceanic crust? These are the central questions being explored by an international research team led by Professors Martin Frank and Heidrun Kopp, both of the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. Today, the team will set sail from Tahiti aboard the German research vessel SONNE for Expedition SO314.
Newly developed configurations of the climate model ICON allow for the simulation of decadal-scale climate change at km-scale resolution on the world’s most powerful computing systems. In recognition of this accomplishment, two projects using ICON have been nominated for the Gordon Bell Prize for Climate Modelling. Mutual press release with the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ)
10. August 2025/Kiel. Today, the Federal Minister for Research, Technology and Space, Dorothee Bär, visited GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel to learn more about current research topics and technologies. She also attended the official start of the international Ocean Race Europe. GEOMAR is among the first research institutions in Germany the Minister has visited since taking office.
Geobiologist Dr. Ilya Bobrovskiy, previously employed at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, is moving to the University of Bremen to establish a research group at MARUM as part of his ERC Starting Grant. His project, “Deconvolving the early record of eukaryotic evolution,” aims to decipher the composition and ecology of ancient ecosystems. This goes back a long way in time, to the end of Paleoproterozoic era, some 1.64 billion years ago, and mainly focuses on the Neoproterozoic era (between 1 and 0.54 billion years ago).
From 5 to 14 August, representatives from over 170 countries as well as from science, civil society and industry are meeting in Switzerland continuing the negotiations for a legally binding agreement to tackle the global plastic pollution. Dr Melanie Bergmann from the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), has been involved in the negotiations since the beginning as part of the German delegation and the Scientists' Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty: "Ideally, we will achieve in Geneva that the global community, or at least large parts of it, commit to a strong agreement that is based on scientific facts and recognizes how harmful plastic are to humans and nature."
New study reveals seasonally shifting virus communities in the Arctic, and similarity to the Antarctic 31 July 2025 / Kiel. Viruses in the cold waters of the Arctic are strongly seasonal and are also detected in the Antarctic. This surprising discovery comes from a multi-year time-series study led by the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. The results offer new insights into the fragile balance of polar ecosystems – with implications for the role of viruses as indicators of change in the ocean, about which baseline knowledge is still lacking. The study was recently published in Nature Communications.
Worldwide, water obtained from tidal rivers for human use is threatened by saltwater intrusion. This is the result of a recent study by an international research team led by the University of Maryland in the US, which has now been published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology Letters and in which the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) also participated. The main causes are the effects of climate change, such as prolonged periods of drought and sea level rise. In addition, local human activities affecting tidal rivers directly contribute to an increase in salinity in these vital freshwater resources.
A team of marine archaeologists from Iceland, Flinders University (Australia), and the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven has launched a new investigation exploring the historic maritime landscape at the former trading port of Búðir and its surroundings.
Seagrass meadows, salt marshes, and marine sediments sequester carbon dioxide, mitigating climate change while increasing local marine biodiversity and providing coastal protection. The carbon sequestration capacity of Germany’s Blue Carbon ecosystems is relatively small compared to the country’s overall greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, it is essential to prioritise the optimal protection of existing Blue Carbon ecosystems. In a study published in the journal Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science a team of researchers led by Julian Koplin (AWI/RIFS) and Corina Peter (AWI) calls for measures to strengthen Blue Carbon ecosystems while aligning climate action with biodiversity goals.
The federal government and the governments of the five northern German states support the current development and sponsor the DAM