The latest news and articles from marine research on the largest habitat on earth and its far-reaching significance for humanity.
No matter where people look in the world’s oceans: Plastic is already there. Plastic waste in the marine environment is a global problem of immense scale that urgently needs to be solved. At UN level, there is movement towards a global plastics agreement.
The third UN Ocean Conference (UNOC) took place in Nice in June 2025. The aim: to drive forward measures for the protection and sustainable use of the oceans and implement the global Sustainable Development Goal for the oceans (SDG 14).
Marine protected areas are an important instrument for strengthening biodiversity, ecological functions and services - provided that protective measures are implemented effectively.
Every six years, experts assess the environmental state of Germany’s marine areas. The comprehensive 2024 report reveals that the German North Sea and Baltic Sea are in poor condition.
Mineral resources such as nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc and rare earth metals are stored on the deep sea floor. However, the potential consequences of deep-sea mining for marine life are barely understood.
The ocean stores large quantities of carbon dioxide and heat and thus, slowing down man-made climate change.
Researchers from a wide range of disciplines work together to unravel the complexities of marine systems. They are focusing on the questions: How do the oceans fundamentally influence our climate? And how can we make use of the seas while protecting them
Munitions in the seas and oceans threaten the marine environment and risk their sustainable use and management. For several years, research has been conducted to evaluate the scale of the impacts and to develop solutions for their future remediation.
The expansion of offshore wind turbines is being driven forward in many countries. What impact does the large-scale expansion of wind power in the North Sea and Baltic Sea have on the marine environment?
The world’s seas oceans are losing oxygen – one of the most vital building blocks of life. The main causes: ocean waters are steadily warming, and excessive nutrient input in many coastal areas is driving widespread imbalance.
Touchscreen-based ocean map for schools, educational institutions and exhibitions - navigate simply and intuitively by touch and immerse yourself in the underwater world.
An AWI study gives a potential explanation as to why the ocean around Antarctica is defying climate model projections and continuing to absorb CO2, despite the effects of climate change.
Climate researcher Prof. Dr. Markus Rex is one of three distinguished recipients of this year’s NOMIS Award, one of the most prestigious and generously funded international scientific awards, for groundbreaking interdisciplinary research. The scientist from the Alfred Wegener Institute received particular recognition as MOSAiC expedition lead: For a year, RV Polarstern drifted through the Arctic, frozen in ice. The goal was to gain a better understanding of the complex interaction between the ocean, the ice, the atmosphere and the ecosystem. Hundreds of international scientists made significant contributions to the global understanding of climate feedback mechanisms in the central Arctic.
Under the lead of the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), a review article outlined the state of the Baltic Sea coast and its expected development as a result of climate change. The article shows that the Baltic Sea can serve as a model for the consequences of climate change and that interdisciplinary research is needed to investigate changes in its shallow coastal zones. A focus is on researching the interactions between the coastal area and the open ocean and the aim is to develop a basis for marine conservation measures. The feature article was recently published in the journal Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science.
An international research team led by Kiel University (CAU) has systematically investigated for the first time how the WAIS responded to temperature increases in the Southern Ocean during a natural warm period, Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11), about 400,000 years ago. The results, published in the journal Nature Communications, provide valuable insights into the conditions under which the WAIS became unstable in the geological past and what parallels this could have for current and future warming scenarios.
14.10.2025/Kiel. How do legacy munitions affect the Baltic Sea? Which technologies can help safely identify unexploded ordnance? And what effects do initial clearance operations have on the environment? GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel is addressing these questions through three coordinated research cruises. Today, the second expedition AL642 sets off with the research vessel ALKOR into the southern Baltic Sea. During the 14-day cruise, new underwater technologies will be tested, among other things. Special focus areas are the Bornholm Basin, where dumped chemical munitions are being mapped, and monitoring in the Bay of Lübeck following recent test recoveries in August.
Researchers identify factors influencing the expansion of the Patagonian ice sheet
Driftwood plays a key role in Arctic coastal ecosystems: it stores carbon, stabilises coastlines and provides a habitat for animals. At the same time, it can offer clues regarding climate change in the Arctic region. coastal erosion and shifting fluvial dynamics. Despite the crucial role it plays, there is still a lot that we do not know about the large-scale distribution patterns of driftwood. Now, for the first time, researchers from the AWI have systematically mapped driftwood deposits, using satellite imagery and AI-powered evaluation methods. The result is the largest database ever produced, with researchers able to identify over 19,000 stable driftwood deposits.
6 October 2025/Kiel. The Southern Ocean around Antarctica plays a decisive role in the global carbon cycle – and thus in the climate system. This is supported by a new study involving the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, published today in Nature Communications. An international team has demonstrated that between 800,000 and 430,000 years ago, a stronger layering of the Southern Ocean prevented carbon dioxide from rising from the deep ocean into the atmosphere. As a result, temperatures were significantly lower than in later warm periods.
Making museum ships fit for the future? This is the idea behind the new cooperation project “NaSchiff” by the German Maritime Museum (DSM) / Leibniz Institute for Maritime History in Bremerhaven and the Leibniz Institute for Materials-Oriented Technologies (IWT) at the University of Bremen. For the first time, researchers are combining monument preservation, materials research, and maritime museum practice. The project will start on October 1 and is funded by the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU).
Researchers identify major ecological turnover occurred already before the largest warming event of the past 90 million years Climate change poses a major threat to the organisms such as plankton that form the base of the marine food web. A team of scientists from MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen have used the fossil record to show that only a relatively minor amount of climatic change is needed to affect plankton communities. They have published their findings in Communications Earth & Environment.
Embargoed until 1600 London time / 1100 US Eastern Time on 24 September Tens of thousands of earthquakes shook Santorini and its surroundings in January 2025. Researchers from the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences and the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, in collaboration with international partners, have now published their analysis in the journal Nature. The study reveals that ascending magma triggered the seismic crisis and points to a previously unknown connection between the magma reservoirs of Santorini and the Kolumbo submarine volcano. - Joint press release by the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences and GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel -
They are microscopic, yet play a gigantic role in the climate system: the tiny microalgae collectively known as phytoplankton. Through photosynthesis, they play a vital role in absorbing CO2 in the ocean. These hidden climate heroes are at the centre of the new KIMMCO lighthouse project. In this project, researchers from the GEOMAR and Kiel University are developing AI-based methods to measure the role of phytoplankton and climate-relevant gases, such as CO2 and methane more rapidly and efficiently. The Baltic Sea will serve as the first test area. Today, the Federal Ministry for the Environment in Berlin awarded the project around 2.16 million euros in funding.
Vibrio vulnificus, a bacterium that is potentially very dangerous to humans, is a natural component of marine plankton. The Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) has now presented the first comprehensive analysis of its global distribution. It shows that the pathogen occurs in almost all coastal regions of the world, but is more prevalent at comparatively high water temperatures, moderate salinity levels, and in decaying algal blooms. Published in Nature’s journal “Communications Earth & Environment”, the study also provides a predictive model that can be used to estimate future climate change-induced changes in the distribution of vibrios.
An international research team led by the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel has discovered a globally unique system on the seabed off the coast of Papua New Guinea. During their expedition aboard the research vessel SONNE, they came across the “Karambusel” field, where hydrothermal vents and methane seeps occur immediately adjacent to one another. The discovery is significant not only for geology but also provides new insights into the development of deep-sea communities. The study describing the discovery is published today in the journal Scientific Reports.
The Maritime Heritage Award was presented for the second time during the ceremony marking the 50th anniversary of the German Maritime Museum (DSM) / Leibniz Institute for Maritime History in Bremerhaven. The award, which is jointly sponsored by the DSM and the museum's support association, recognizes outstanding scientific work on maritime topics. This year saw a first: for the first time, three research projects received the award. One was produced at the renowned Harvard University in the US.
The centrepiece of the new construction project for the Polarstern's successor is now taking shape: by the end of August, TKMS, Wärtsilä, Steerprop and Aker Arctic had inked the contracts for the entire propulsion unit: rudder propellers, engines and exhaust gas aftertreatment system. Many of the components are genuine market innovations with which the Alfred Wegener Institute and TKMS are setting new standards in research navigation.
With a four-day meeting at Ghent University, the third phase of the European research project MiningImpact has officially begun. Researchers from nine countries are joining forces to study the ecological consequences of deep-sea mining – both in polymetallic nodule fields and at seafloor massive sulphide deposits along mid-ocean ridges.
Under the lead of the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), a sediment core from the Southeast Pacific was examined that reflects the last 8 million years of Earth's history. The study shows that the intensity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which connects the world’s three major oceans, is particularly sensitive to temperature changes, which in turn significantly influences the exchange of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere. The study was recently published in the journal Nature Communications.
Today, the two-day kick-off meeting for the international “Joint Action on Changing Marine Lightscapes” launched by JPI Oceans started in Hamburg with more than 50 participating researchers. The initiative aims at a better understanding of changing light conditions in the ocean and how this impacts marine ecosystems. Two projects are taking up work under the umbrella of a joint knowledge hub. The ISOLUME project coordinated by the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) focuses primarily on ocean darkening; the ALANIS project, led by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, mainly addresses nocturnal light pollution.
In September, Northern Germany becomes the meeting point for the international Earth System Modelling community. Three high-level scientific events, the CELLO Conference and the natESM Focus Workshop on Ocean Biogeochemistry in Hamburg, as well as the TropEcS Symposium in Bremen will bring together leading experts committed to shaping the future of climate, coastal, and ocean modelling.
The Polarstern recently ended a two-month expedition in the Central Arctic in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. The international and interdisciplinary research team, led by the Alfred Wegener Institute, focused on the summer melting of Arctic sea ice in three different regimes. The comprehensive inventory revealed major differences between the various sea ice regimes and a low sea ice concentration in the study area. In addition, bacteria and zooplankton dominated the biological communities, while the expected ice algae could hardly be found.
Over the coming weeks, international researchers led by the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel will conduct an experiment in closed marine tanks on the coast of Gran Canaria to investigate the effect of various methods of ocean alkalisation on the marine ecosystem. In so-called mesocosms, which are similar to oversized test tubes, natural ecosystems can be observed under controlled conditions. This study will be the first to systematically compare two approaches: adding already dissolved minerals and introducing finely ground rock into seawater.
Just exactly how internal clocks function in zooplankton in the open sea at the mechanistic and molecular level is the core question the BICLOPS junior research group is addressing. Over the next five years, the European Research Council (ERC) will be funding the group led by AWI biologist Sören Häfker to the tune of €1.5 million.
05.09.2025/Kiel. Climate change threatens marine and coastal ecosystems in the Mediterranean region. Warming, sea level rise, and ocean acidification are occuring there more intensely and rapidly than the global average. A recent study led by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel investigated how strongly marine and coastal ecosystems in the Mediterranean Sea are already at risk, even under comparatively moderate additional warming. For this purpose, 131 scientific studies were evaluated in a thorough meta-analysis. The results have now been published in the journal Scientific Reports.
In a new study published in the journal Science Advances, an international research team led by the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) challenges traditional ideas about how new animal species form. The study focuses on hamlets – colourful reef fishes from the Caribbean. In addition to ZMT, scientists from the University of Oldenburg, the Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) in Panama were involved in the study. Researchers from Colombia, Mexico, the USA and the UK also contributed to the publication.
The federal government and the governments of the five northern German states support the current development and sponsor the DAM