The latest news and articles from marine research on the largest habitat on earth and its far-reaching significance for humanity.
No matter where people look in the world’s oceans: Plastic is already there. Plastic waste in the marine environment is a global problem of immense scale that urgently needs to be solved. At UN level, there is movement towards a global plastics agreement.
The third UN Ocean Conference (UNOC) took place in Nice in June 2025. The aim: to drive forward measures for the protection and sustainable use of the oceans and implement the global Sustainable Development Goal for the oceans (SDG 14).
Marine protected areas are an important instrument for strengthening biodiversity, ecological functions and services - provided that protective measures are implemented effectively.
Every six years, experts assess the environmental state of Germany’s marine areas. The comprehensive 2024 report reveals that the German North Sea and Baltic Sea are in poor condition.
Mineral resources such as nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc and rare earth metals are stored on the deep sea floor. However, the potential consequences of deep-sea mining for marine life are barely understood.
The ocean stores large quantities of carbon dioxide and heat and thus, slowing down man-made climate change.
Researchers from a wide range of disciplines work together to unravel the complexities of marine systems. They are focusing on the questions: How do the oceans fundamentally influence our climate? And how can we make use of the seas while protecting them
Munitions in the seas and oceans threaten the marine environment and risk their sustainable use and management. For several years, research has been conducted to evaluate the scale of the impacts and to develop solutions for their future remediation.
The expansion of offshore wind turbines is being driven forward in many countries. What impact does the large-scale expansion of wind power in the North Sea and Baltic Sea have on the marine environment?
The world’s seas oceans are losing oxygen – one of the most vital building blocks of life. The main causes: ocean waters are steadily warming, and excessive nutrient input in many coastal areas is driving widespread imbalance.
Touchscreen-based ocean map for schools, educational institutions and exhibitions - navigate simply and intuitively by touch and immerse yourself in the underwater world.
10 July 2025/Kiel. Since 2016, scientists at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel have been researching legacy munitions in the sea – from mapping and analyzing chemical contamination to developing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). With the launch of the CAMMera project, the next phase begins: the preparation and scientific testing of large-scale clearance. The three-year project is led by Prof Dr Jens Greinert, marine geologist at GEOMAR, and is funded by the European Union with 5.6 million euros.
Dr. Katrin Kleemann was awarded the prestigious Ritter Memorial Fellowship for the German Maritime Museum (DSM) / Leibniz Institute for Maritime History in Bremerhaven and spent a month conducting research at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. There - 9,000 kilometers away from Bremerhaven - the environmental historian came across a cog and began researching an underwater canyon.
Groundbreaking measurement method reveals previously hidden interactions above the Ocean An international research team led by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon has, for the first time, succeeded in visualizing and quantifying the complex airflow dynamics directly above the ocean surface in high resolution. Using an innovative laser measurement system, previously unknown and highly complex mechanisms of energy exchange between wind and waves have been deciphered — a significant step forward for climate research, weather models, and ocean dynamics. The research findings have been published in Nature Communications.
Agriculture is a major contributor to the climate crisis. Large agribusiness corporations are pursuing a range of agricultural innovations to increase carbon sequestration in soils. However, according to a study published in "Environmental Science & Policy”, so-called ‘carbon farming’ proves problematic. The benefits attributed to these ‘climate-smart’ farming practices are based largely on estimates rather than measurements. In addition, large corporations could also use carbon farming to offset their carbon footprints without significantly changing their practices. The overall contribution of carbon farming to emissions reductions could be overestimated as a result.
A unique ice core is currently being examined in the Alfred Wegener Institute's ice laboratory: the oldest continuous ice core that has ever been drilled on Earth. As part of the EU-funded Beyond EPICA - Oldest Ice project, a research consortium set up a drilling camp on the high plateau in East Antarctica in 2019. Up until January 2025, international teams drilled over 2,800 metres of continuous ice during the Antarctic summer months. This ice core includes air bubbles that enable direct measurements of greenhouse gases from the last 1.2 million years and presumably beyond – marking a historic milestone for climate research.
The construction of a new storage facility for the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) began today with the traditional ground-breaking ceremony in Rostock’s fishing harbour. The building will provide additional capacity for equipment storage and climate-controlled sediment core storage as well as additional workshop space. The construction project has a total volume of around 2.44 million euros and is being realised with funds from the federal and state governments, represented by the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space and the Ministry of Science, Culture, Federal and European Affairs of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Completion is scheduled for summer 2026.
On Wednesday, 2 July 2025, the Polarstern will set sail from Tromsø, Norway, embarking on an expedition to the Arctic Ocean. Over the next two months, an international research team will analyse the feedback effects between global warming and sea ice retreat in the Arctic Ocean. The investigations will focus on the differences in the melting of various sea ice types – representing the Arctic of the past decades, the present and the future. A parallel airborne campaign will complement the measurements and, at the outset of the expedition, the Polarstern will support the first ice testing of the new French Tara Polar Station research platform.
1 July 2025/Kiel. This week, the ALKOR expedition AL635 led by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research started in the western Baltic Sea, in the German-Danish border area. The aim of the expedition is to systematically record the distribution of micro- and nanoplastic particles in the coastal area, to analyze their properties and to better understand possible sources of input. The expedition is part of the Interreg 6A project PlastTrack. On Friday, July 4, the ship will make a stop in Sonderborg to offer the public an insight into the research.
25 June 2025/Kiel. Overfishing not only depletes fish stocks — it also alters the genetic blueprint of marine life. In the central Baltic Sea, cod (Gadus morhua) have not only become scarcer, but also significantly smaller than in the past. Researchers at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel have now shown for the first time that Eastern Baltic cod grow markedly more slowly than they once did, and that this change is reflected in their genome. Intensive fishing pressure triggers genetic responses in overexploited stocks, with long-term implications for their future development. The findings are published today in the journal Science Advances.
25 June 2025/Kiel/Jülich. How can we discover marine enzymes that have not yet been identified, which can break down plastics or capture carbon dioxide? The new research project AI MareExplore, which is being coordinated at GEOMAR, is using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify such marine biocatalysts. Leveraging vast existing marine genome databases, the project will train AI models to identify enzymes that could address pressing societal challenges. Funded by the Helmholtz Innovation Pool for the Earth and Environment research field, this initiative brings together expertise from four Helmholtz centres and will hold its first meeting at the Forschungszentrum Jülich on 26 and 27 June.
An international research team led by the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) and with the participation of the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) in Bremen has taken a close look at reefs worldwide to find out where the fish communities are that appear most beautiful to the human eye, and what explains these patterns – an important topic given that fish beauty is a nonmaterial contribution of reefs to human wellbeing which directly impacts people’s willingness to conserve these vulnerable ecosystems. The results of the study have just been published in the renowned scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Due to global warming, the North Atlantic Oscillation, an atmospheric circulation pattern that strongly influences European weather, is becoming more extreme in the summer, according to a new study. The researchers found evidence of increasing variability in both model simulations as well as historical data, and warned of more frequent and intense weather extremes in Europe.
Antarctic krill is an important food source for many species, such as whales, seals and penguins. However, the small crustaceans are increasingly becoming the focus of fishing, which can incur significant consequences for the ecosystem. A research team from the AWI and the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research in Bergen has now been able to use acoustic recordings from fishing vessels, to identify areas and periods in which there is an increased overlap between fishing and krill predators. The results can contribute to developing effective management strategies to protect the Antarctic ecosystem. The study will be published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal.
The ICON model can be used for weather forecasting as well as climate predictions and long-term projections. So far, however, the different applications have been developed separately. An initiative that aims to bring the two closer together is now presenting first results.
GEOMAR study analyses the impact of marine carbon dioxide removal methods on global ocean oxygen levels 13 June 2025 / Kiel. Methods to enhance the ocean’s uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) are being explored to help tackle the climate crisis. However, some of these approaches could significantly exacerbate ocean deoxygenation. Their potential impact on marine oxygen must therefore be systematically considered when assessing their suitability. This is the conclusion of an international team of researchers led by Prof. Dr Andreas Oschlies from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. The findings were published yesterday in the journal Environmental Research Letters.
Hereon study examines the effects of hydrogen production using offshore wind energy for the first time and offers environmentally friendly options for action
The bay of Illa Grossa off the coast of Spain, is home to the only reef-forming stony coral species in the Mediterranean: Cladocora caespitosa. Despite its isolated location and being free from local sources of pollution, a study led by Kiel University (Marine Pollution Bulletin) reveals that this habitat is heavily polluted with microplastics.These particles accumulate in the coral’s sediments, potentially impairing feeding processes and weakening the corals‘ ability to withstand heat stress. In some locations, researchers found over 6,000 microplastic particles per kg of sediment — 4 times the average level in the area and among the highest recorded in the Mediterranean regions to date.
Some microbes living on sand grains use up all the oxygen around them. Their neighbors, left without oxygen, make the best of it: They use nitrate in the surrounding water for denitrification – a process hardly possible when oxygen is present. This denitrification in sandy sediments in well-oxygenated waters can substantially contribute to nitrogen loss in the oceans.
On 29 May 2025, the Polarstern research vessel set sail from Bremerhaven for the Arctic. The destination of the 95 expedition participants, led by the Alfred Wegener Institute, is the AWI Hausgarten, a long-term observatory situated between Svalbard and Greenland. There they will investigate how the ecosystems of the Arctic deep sea are reacting to changing environmental conditions as a result of rapid climate change. The month-long expedition, which is scheduled to finish in Tromsø, Norway, at the end of June, will focus on benthic and plankton communities in the open water and physical changes in the ocean.
If global temperatures rise by 2.7 degrees Celsius – in line with current climate policy – only a quarter of the glacier masses will be left. This is the result of an international study involving the University of Bremen, which has been published in Science journal.
From 9 to 13 June, Nice will become a hotspot for international politics and marine science. At the third United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC-3) representatives of UN member states, financial institutions, non-governmental organisations, companies, indigenous communities, civil society stakeholders and, of course, marine researchers and ocean experts from all over the world will meet.
The western Baltic Sea may harbour more of humanity’s cultural heritage than previously thought: underwater landscapes with monumental structures built by Stone Age hunter-gatherers. The interdisciplinary joint research project SEASCAPE, led by the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), now wants to investigate these unique traces. Today, researchers from all SEASCAPE partner institutions are meeting at the IOW to kick off the three-year collaboration.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon publishes study results on citizens' risk awareness of climate change Climate change is perceptible and poses a threat to Hamburg. The majority of respondents in the study “Hamburg citizens' risk awareness of climate change 2025” conducted by the Helmholtz -Zentrum Hereon agree on this. Most people see storm surges, heavy rain and heatwaves as the greatest dangers. However, this majority includes significantly fewer teenagers and young adults than in the previous year. The proportion of men has also fallen.
Global warming leads to Arctic permafrost thaw and the subsequent release of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. These changes are considered irreversible and, in some cases, abrupt, which has led to discussion whether permafrost might be a tipping element in the climate system. Researchers have compiled the currently available knowledge on how permafrost responds to climate change. They concluded that changes in permafrost are gradual at the global scale but abrupt on a local scale, and that the loss of carbon is irreversible.
New study shows how marine plankton responds to changing ocean conditions using lipidomics and data science tools
The federal government and the governments of the five northern German states support the current development and sponsor the DAM