The latest news and articles from marine research on the largest habitat on earth and its far-reaching significance for humanity.
No matter where people look in the world’s oceans: Plastic is already there. Plastic waste in the marine environment is a global problem of immense scale that urgently needs to be solved. At UN level, there is movement towards a global plastics agreement.
Every six years, experts assess the environmental state of Germany’s marine areas. The comprehensive 2024 report reveals that the German North Sea and Baltic Sea are in poor condition.
The expansion of offshore wind turbines is being driven forward in many countries. What impact does the large-scale expansion of wind power in the North Sea and Baltic Sea have on the marine environment?
The health of the seas and oceans is deteriorating. The trend can only be reversed if marine protection and sustainable use are pushed forward consistently.
The ocean stores large quantities of carbon dioxide and heat and thus, slowing down man-made climate change.
The world’s seas oceans are losing oxygen – one of the most vital building blocks of life. The main causes: ocean waters are steadily warming, and excessive nutrient input in many coastal areas is driving widespread imbalance.
Munitions in the seas and oceans threaten the marine environment and risk their sustainable use and management. For several years, research has been conducted to evaluate the scale of the impacts and to develop solutions for their future remediation.
Researchers from a wide range of disciplines work together to unravel the complexities of marine systems. They are focusing on the questions: How do the oceans fundamentally influence our climate? And how can we make use of the seas while protecting them
Touchscreen-based ocean map for schools, educational institutions and exhibitions - navigate simply and intuitively by touch and immerse yourself in the underwater world.
The European oyster plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem functions in its habitat. Currently considered extinct in the German North Sea, it is being reintroduced through a project at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI).
How food from the sea can contribute to sustainable development in a changing climate is described in the ‘Blue Food’ handbook published by ‘Küstenmeerforschung Nordsee-Ostsee’ (KüNO).
The bay of Illa Grossa off the coast of Spain, is home to the only reef-forming stony coral species in the Mediterranean: Cladocora caespitosa. Despite its isolated location and being free from local sources of pollution, a study led by Kiel University (Marine Pollution Bulletin) reveals that this habitat is heavily polluted with microplastics.These particles accumulate in the coral’s sediments, potentially impairing feeding processes and weakening the corals‘ ability to withstand heat stress. In some locations, researchers found over 6,000 microplastic particles per kg of sediment — 4 times the average level in the area and among the highest recorded in the Mediterranean regions to date.
Some microbes living on sand grains use up all the oxygen around them. Their neighbors, left without oxygen, make the best of it: They use nitrate in the surrounding water for denitrification – a process hardly possible when oxygen is present. This denitrification in sandy sediments in well-oxygenated waters can substantially contribute to nitrogen loss in the oceans.
On 29 May 2025, the Polarstern research vessel set sail from Bremerhaven for the Arctic. The destination of the 95 expedition participants, led by the Alfred Wegener Institute, is the AWI Hausgarten, a long-term observatory situated between Svalbard and Greenland. There they will investigate how the ecosystems of the Arctic deep sea are reacting to changing environmental conditions as a result of rapid climate change. The month-long expedition, which is scheduled to finish in Tromsø, Norway, at the end of June, will focus on benthic and plankton communities in the open water and physical changes in the ocean.
If global temperatures rise by 2.7 degrees Celsius – in line with current climate policy – only a quarter of the glacier masses will be left. This is the result of an international study involving the University of Bremen, which has been published in Science journal.
From 9 to 13 June, Nice will become a hotspot for international politics and marine science. At the third United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC-3) representatives of UN member states, financial institutions, non-governmental organisations, companies, indigenous communities, civil society stakeholders and, of course, marine researchers and ocean experts from all over the world will meet.
The western Baltic Sea may harbour more of humanity’s cultural heritage than previously thought: underwater landscapes with monumental structures built by Stone Age hunter-gatherers. The interdisciplinary joint research project SEASCAPE, led by the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), now wants to investigate these unique traces. Today, researchers from all SEASCAPE partner institutions are meeting at the IOW to kick off the three-year collaboration.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon publishes study results on citizens' risk awareness of climate change Climate change is perceptible and poses a threat to Hamburg. The majority of respondents in the study “Hamburg citizens' risk awareness of climate change 2025” conducted by the Helmholtz -Zentrum Hereon agree on this. Most people see storm surges, heavy rain and heatwaves as the greatest dangers. However, this majority includes significantly fewer teenagers and young adults than in the previous year. The proportion of men has also fallen.
Global warming leads to Arctic permafrost thaw and the subsequent release of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. These changes are considered irreversible and, in some cases, abrupt, which has led to discussion whether permafrost might be a tipping element in the climate system. Researchers have compiled the currently available knowledge on how permafrost responds to climate change. They concluded that changes in permafrost are gradual at the global scale but abrupt on a local scale, and that the loss of carbon is irreversible.
New study shows how marine plankton responds to changing ocean conditions using lipidomics and data science tools
Start of an international expedition off the coast of New England
Temperatures around the world continue to rise – and the North Sea is no exception. Yet, in addition to this gradual warming, increasingly frequent and intense heat events also have consequences for marine organisms. Researchers at the Marine Station Helgoland, a research facility of the Alfred Wegener Institute, have quantified the frequency and intensity of these heatwaves along with their repercussions for plankton. The researchers found that gradual warming causes significant shifts in the species spectrum. When heatwaves are added, however, these alterations are amplified. The results have been published in three publications, most recently in Limnology and Oceanography.
Researchers identify systemic weaknesses in EU fisheries management and call for quotas to be set independently of national interests. Every year, total allowable catches (TACs) and fishing quotas are set across Europe through a multi-step process – and yet many fish stocks in EU waters remain overfished. An analysis published today in the journal Science reveals that politically agreed-upon catch limits are not sustainable because fish stock sizes are systematically overestimated and quotas regularly exceed scientific advice. In order to promote profitable and sustainable fisheries, the researchers propose establishing an independent institution to determine ecosystem-based catch limits.
Why is the ocean around the Cape Verde Islands teeming with life despite lying in one of the most nutrient-poor regions of the Atlantic? A study led by GEOMAR provides answers. By analysing two decades of interdisciplinary observational data, the researchers identified three key small-scale physical processes — eddies, internal waves and wind-driven island wakes — that drive the upward transport of nutrients to the surface. These local dynamics boost biological productivity and shape the distribution of marine species. The study provides a valuable foundation for the further development of a digital twin of the ocean.
How sensitively does organic carbon stored in soils react to changes in temperature and humidity? This question is central to a new study by researchers from MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen and from the Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven that was now published in Nature Communications.
Researchers from around the globe gather, virtually and physically, for the first World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Global Km-Scale Hackathon, a coordinated effort to accelerate research using regional and global climate simulations at unprecedented kilometer-scale resolution. The event is taking place simultaneously at ten research institutions on five continents across nine time zones. The Hamburg node, hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, kicked off on May 12, with more than 100 scientists attending.
Ships are considered majestic vessels. When the force of nature at sea brings them down, it triggers horror, but also fascination. The new research project “Disasters at sea and maritime culture of remembrance in the 20th and 21st centuries” at the German Maritime Museum (DSM) / Leibniz Institute for Maritime History in Bremerhaven is investigating how shipwrecks influence people's view of the sea and what role the memory of these events plays in this.
While oxygenation approaches have already been proven successful in lakes, their potential side effects must be carefully analysed before they can be used in the sea. This is the conclusion of researchers from GEOMAR and Radboud University (Netherlands). In an article in the scientific journal EOS, they warn: Technical measures can mitigate damage temporarily and locally, but they are associated with considerable uncertainties and risks. Above all, they do not offer a permanent solution because the oxygen content will return to its previous level once the measures end, unless the underlying causes of the problem, nutrient inputs and global warming, are not tackled.
02.05.2025/Kiel. Which processes triggered the collapse of the caldera of the Brothers volcano off the coast of New Zealand several thousand years ago, and how are these linked to hot springs and deposits of raw materials? These are the questions being investigated by an international research team led by the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. Aboard the research vessel SONNE, the scientists intend to produce the first high-resolution, three-dimensional image of the underwater volcano.
From 1 May 2025, Prof Dr Maarten Boersma will step up as Acting Director of the Alfred Wegener Institute. As a biologist, he has been conducting research, predominantly at the Helgoland and Sylt stations, since 2001, since 2015 as section head. He has been on the AWI Board of Directors since summer 2024. Maarten Boersma succeeds Prof Dr Antje Boetius, who takes up the position of President of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) in California.
30 April 2025 / Kiel. Prof. Dr Ying Cui from Montclair State University in the USA is currently a guest researcher at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, supported by a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Experienced Researchers. During her six-month stay, the geoscientist is using Earth system models to investigate how warmer climates in the geological past affected oxygen levels in the ocean — and what this can tell us about the future. Her host is Prof. Dr Andreas Oschlies, head of the Biogeochemical Modelling Research Unit.
29 April 2025/Kiel. Increasing the natural uptake of carbon dioxide by the ocean or storing captured CO₂ under the seabed are currently being discussed in Germany as potential ways to offset unavoidable residual emissions and achieve the country’s goal of greenhouse gas neutrality by 2045. However, which carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and storage methods could actually be used depends heavily on local conditions. In Germany’s North Sea and Baltic Sea waters, the options are limited to just a few approaches. This is the conclusion of a first feasibility assessment carried out by researchers involved in the CDRmare research mission. The study was recently published in the journal Earth’s Future.
24 April 2025/Kiel. When bottom trawls are dragged across the seafloor, they stir up sediments. This not only releases previously stored organic carbon, but also intensifies the oxidation of pyrite, a mineral present in marine sediments, leading to additional emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). These are the findings of a study conducted by GEOMAR. Based on samples from Kiel Bight, the researchers investigated the geochemical consequences of sediment resuspension. Their conclusion: areas with fine-grained sediments, which play a crucial role in CO2 storage in the Baltic Sea, should urgently be placed under protection. The study has been published in Communications Earth & Environment.
In the global carbon cycle microorganisms have evolved a variety of methods for fixing carbon. Researchers from Bremen and Taiwan have investigated the methods that are utilized at extremely hot, acidic and sulfur-rich hydrothermal vents in shallow waters off the island of Kueishantao, Taiwan. A team working with first author Joely Maak of MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen has now published their study in the professional journal Biogeosciences.
How and where does the life of a giant steel vessel end? So far, quietly on the beaches of Southeast Asia. DSM scientist Anja Binkofski is researching the opportunities that modern and sustainable ship recycling could offer in northern Germany. The Hong Kong Convention, whose entry into force will be celebrated on 26 June 2025 at the German Maritime Museum (DSM) / Leibniz Institute for Maritime History in Bremerhaven, promises more sustainable conditions for ship recycling worldwide.
11 April 2025/Brussels/Kiel. A group of leading marine scientists, led by Professor Dr Sylvia Sander (GEOMAR), has published a Future Science Brief on deep-sea research. The report provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and recommendations on how to make deep-sea exploration and management more sustainable. The authors warn: without a solid understanding of ecosystem processes and biodiversity, informed decisions on deep-sea use and protection are impossible. They call for targeted research to fill knowledge gaps and support long-term conservation. The report will be launched today in a public webinar and is aimed at policy makers, scientists and international organisations.
The federal government and the governments of the five northern German states support the current development and sponsor the DAM