The latest news and articles from marine research on the largest habitat on earth and its far-reaching significance for humanity.
No matter where people look in the world’s oceans: Plastic is already there. Plastic waste in the marine environment is a global problem of immense scale that urgently needs to be solved. At UN level, there is movement towards a global plastics agreement.
The third UN Ocean Conference (UNOC) took place in Nice in June 2025. The aim: to drive forward measures for the protection and sustainable use of the oceans and implement the global Sustainable Development Goal for the oceans (SDG 14).
Marine protected areas are an important instrument for strengthening biodiversity, ecological functions and services - provided that protective measures are implemented effectively.
Every six years, experts assess the environmental state of Germany’s marine areas. The comprehensive 2024 report reveals that the German North Sea and Baltic Sea are in poor condition.
Mineral resources such as nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc and rare earth metals are stored on the deep sea floor. However, the potential consequences of deep-sea mining for marine life are barely understood.
The ocean stores large quantities of carbon dioxide and heat and thus, slowing down man-made climate change.
Researchers from a wide range of disciplines work together to unravel the complexities of marine systems. They are focusing on the questions: How do the oceans fundamentally influence our climate? And how can we make use of the seas while protecting them
Munitions in the seas and oceans threaten the marine environment and risk their sustainable use and management. For several years, research has been conducted to evaluate the scale of the impacts and to develop solutions for their future remediation.
The expansion of offshore wind turbines is being driven forward in many countries. What impact does the large-scale expansion of wind power in the North Sea and Baltic Sea have on the marine environment?
The world’s seas oceans are losing oxygen – one of the most vital building blocks of life. The main causes: ocean waters are steadily warming, and excessive nutrient input in many coastal areas is driving widespread imbalance.
Touchscreen-based ocean map for schools, educational institutions and exhibitions - navigate simply and intuitively by touch and immerse yourself in the underwater world.
How can cultural heritage be made fruitful as a resource for climate adaptation? Teresa Erbach from the Research Institute for Sustainability (RIFS) at GFZ addresses this question in her newly published study discussing cultural heritage and the functions it can fulfil in this context.
Since the mid-1990s, the Greenland ice sheet has been losing mass, leaving only three floating tongues remaining. One of these, Nioghalvfjerdsbræ or the 79°N Glacier, is already showing the first signs of instability. In a new study, researchers from the Alfred Wegener Institute investigated how - caused by global warming - a 21 km2 large meltwater lake formed and developed on the surface of the 79°N Glacier. They observed that over the years, this lake has caused gigantic cracks and the outflowing water is lifting the glacier. Their findings have been published in the journal The Cryosphere.
13 August 2025, Kiel/Papeete. How do changes in sea level influence geological processes deep beneath the seafloor? Is there a feedback loop between the global climate and the formation and composition of new oceanic crust? These are the central questions being explored by an international research team led by Professors Martin Frank and Heidrun Kopp, both of the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. Today, the team will set sail from Tahiti aboard the German research vessel SONNE for Expedition SO314.
Newly developed configurations of the climate model ICON allow for the simulation of decadal-scale climate change at km-scale resolution on the world’s most powerful computing systems. In recognition of this accomplishment, two projects using ICON have been nominated for the Gordon Bell Prize for Climate Modelling. Mutual press release with the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ)
10. August 2025/Kiel. Today, the Federal Minister for Research, Technology and Space, Dorothee Bär, visited GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel to learn more about current research topics and technologies. She also attended the official start of the international Ocean Race Europe. GEOMAR is among the first research institutions in Germany the Minister has visited since taking office.
Geobiologist Dr. Ilya Bobrovskiy, previously employed at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, is moving to the University of Bremen to establish a research group at MARUM as part of his ERC Starting Grant. His project, “Deconvolving the early record of eukaryotic evolution,” aims to decipher the composition and ecology of ancient ecosystems. This goes back a long way in time, to the end of Paleoproterozoic era, some 1.64 billion years ago, and mainly focuses on the Neoproterozoic era (between 1 and 0.54 billion years ago).
From 5 to 14 August, representatives from over 170 countries as well as from science, civil society and industry are meeting in Switzerland continuing the negotiations for a legally binding agreement to tackle the global plastic pollution. Dr Melanie Bergmann from the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), has been involved in the negotiations since the beginning as part of the German delegation and the Scientists' Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty: "Ideally, we will achieve in Geneva that the global community, or at least large parts of it, commit to a strong agreement that is based on scientific facts and recognizes how harmful plastic are to humans and nature."
New study reveals seasonally shifting virus communities in the Arctic, and similarity to the Antarctic 31 July 2025 / Kiel. Viruses in the cold waters of the Arctic are strongly seasonal and are also detected in the Antarctic. This surprising discovery comes from a multi-year time-series study led by the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. The results offer new insights into the fragile balance of polar ecosystems – with implications for the role of viruses as indicators of change in the ocean, about which baseline knowledge is still lacking. The study was recently published in Nature Communications.
Worldwide, water obtained from tidal rivers for human use is threatened by saltwater intrusion. This is the result of a recent study by an international research team led by the University of Maryland in the US, which has now been published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology Letters and in which the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) also participated. The main causes are the effects of climate change, such as prolonged periods of drought and sea level rise. In addition, local human activities affecting tidal rivers directly contribute to an increase in salinity in these vital freshwater resources.
A team of marine archaeologists from Iceland, Flinders University (Australia), and the German Maritime Museum in Bremerhaven has launched a new investigation exploring the historic maritime landscape at the former trading port of Búðir and its surroundings.
Seagrass meadows, salt marshes, and marine sediments sequester carbon dioxide, mitigating climate change while increasing local marine biodiversity and providing coastal protection. The carbon sequestration capacity of Germany’s Blue Carbon ecosystems is relatively small compared to the country’s overall greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, it is essential to prioritise the optimal protection of existing Blue Carbon ecosystems. In a study published in the journal Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science a team of researchers led by Julian Koplin (AWI/RIFS) and Corina Peter (AWI) calls for measures to strengthen Blue Carbon ecosystems while aligning climate action with biodiversity goals.
With the help of divers, the BlueDOT project is collecting temperature data from the ocean. The aim is to better track changes in ocean temperature and monitor marine heat waves. The BlueDOT citizen science project is being coordinated by MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences at the University of Bremen.
New study: More oxygen in the oxygen-minimum zone associated with weaker Atlantic overturning circulation How is ventilation at various depth layers of the Atlantic connected and what role do changes in ocean circulation play? Researchers from Bremen, Kiel and Edinburgh have pursued this question and their study has been published in the professional journal Nature Communications.
Historical logs from ships involved in the transatlantic slave trade also contain information about past climate conditions. Two climate researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology and a climate historian from Bielefeld University have joined forces to tap into this unusual data source to study the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The Volkswagen Foundation is supporting this innovative project, called "DOLDRUMS", with 1.3 million Euros. This is a mutual press release by the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology and Bielefeld University.
10 July 2025/Kiel. Since 2016, scientists at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel have been researching legacy munitions in the sea – from mapping and analyzing chemical contamination to developing autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). With the launch of the CAMMera project, the next phase begins: the preparation and scientific testing of large-scale clearance. The three-year project is led by Prof Dr Jens Greinert, marine geologist at GEOMAR, and is funded by the European Union with 5.6 million euros.
Dr. Katrin Kleemann was awarded the prestigious Ritter Memorial Fellowship for the German Maritime Museum (DSM) / Leibniz Institute for Maritime History in Bremerhaven and spent a month conducting research at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. There - 9,000 kilometers away from Bremerhaven - the environmental historian came across a cog and began researching an underwater canyon.
Groundbreaking measurement method reveals previously hidden interactions above the Ocean An international research team led by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon has, for the first time, succeeded in visualizing and quantifying the complex airflow dynamics directly above the ocean surface in high resolution. Using an innovative laser measurement system, previously unknown and highly complex mechanisms of energy exchange between wind and waves have been deciphered — a significant step forward for climate research, weather models, and ocean dynamics. The research findings have been published in Nature Communications.
Agriculture is a major contributor to the climate crisis. Large agribusiness corporations are pursuing a range of agricultural innovations to increase carbon sequestration in soils. However, according to a study published in "Environmental Science & Policy”, so-called ‘carbon farming’ proves problematic. The benefits attributed to these ‘climate-smart’ farming practices are based largely on estimates rather than measurements. In addition, large corporations could also use carbon farming to offset their carbon footprints without significantly changing their practices. The overall contribution of carbon farming to emissions reductions could be overestimated as a result.
A unique ice core is currently being examined in the Alfred Wegener Institute's ice laboratory: the oldest continuous ice core that has ever been drilled on Earth. As part of the EU-funded Beyond EPICA - Oldest Ice project, a research consortium set up a drilling camp on the high plateau in East Antarctica in 2019. Up until January 2025, international teams drilled over 2,800 metres of continuous ice during the Antarctic summer months. This ice core includes air bubbles that enable direct measurements of greenhouse gases from the last 1.2 million years and presumably beyond – marking a historic milestone for climate research.
The construction of a new storage facility for the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) began today with the traditional ground-breaking ceremony in Rostock’s fishing harbour. The building will provide additional capacity for equipment storage and climate-controlled sediment core storage as well as additional workshop space. The construction project has a total volume of around 2.44 million euros and is being realised with funds from the federal and state governments, represented by the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space and the Ministry of Science, Culture, Federal and European Affairs of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Completion is scheduled for summer 2026.
On Wednesday, 2 July 2025, the Polarstern will set sail from Tromsø, Norway, embarking on an expedition to the Arctic Ocean. Over the next two months, an international research team will analyse the feedback effects between global warming and sea ice retreat in the Arctic Ocean. The investigations will focus on the differences in the melting of various sea ice types – representing the Arctic of the past decades, the present and the future. A parallel airborne campaign will complement the measurements and, at the outset of the expedition, the Polarstern will support the first ice testing of the new French Tara Polar Station research platform.
1 July 2025/Kiel. This week, the ALKOR expedition AL635 led by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research started in the western Baltic Sea, in the German-Danish border area. The aim of the expedition is to systematically record the distribution of micro- and nanoplastic particles in the coastal area, to analyze their properties and to better understand possible sources of input. The expedition is part of the Interreg 6A project PlastTrack. On Friday, July 4, the ship will make a stop in Sonderborg to offer the public an insight into the research.
25 June 2025/Kiel. Overfishing not only depletes fish stocks — it also alters the genetic blueprint of marine life. In the central Baltic Sea, cod (Gadus morhua) have not only become scarcer, but also significantly smaller than in the past. Researchers at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel have now shown for the first time that Eastern Baltic cod grow markedly more slowly than they once did, and that this change is reflected in their genome. Intensive fishing pressure triggers genetic responses in overexploited stocks, with long-term implications for their future development. The findings are published today in the journal Science Advances.
25 June 2025/Kiel/Jülich. How can we discover marine enzymes that have not yet been identified, which can break down plastics or capture carbon dioxide? The new research project AI MareExplore, which is being coordinated at GEOMAR, is using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify such marine biocatalysts. Leveraging vast existing marine genome databases, the project will train AI models to identify enzymes that could address pressing societal challenges. Funded by the Helmholtz Innovation Pool for the Earth and Environment research field, this initiative brings together expertise from four Helmholtz centres and will hold its first meeting at the Forschungszentrum Jülich on 26 and 27 June.
An international research team led by the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) and with the participation of the Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT) in Bremen has taken a close look at reefs worldwide to find out where the fish communities are that appear most beautiful to the human eye, and what explains these patterns – an important topic given that fish beauty is a nonmaterial contribution of reefs to human wellbeing which directly impacts people’s willingness to conserve these vulnerable ecosystems. The results of the study have just been published in the renowned scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
The federal government and the governments of the five northern German states support the current development and sponsor the DAM